甜瓜视频 embraces the life of the mind, promoting high standards of artistic, scholarly, and scientific inquiry among students and faculty members, all of which make research grants critical for advancing experiential learning at the University.
Physics professors Elizabeth George and Paul Voytas understand that and are providing students even more research opportunities after recently being 
awarded two grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). One grant will allow faculty and students to develop and construct a high-sensitivity instrument to search for CP violation (C - charge conjugation and P - parity) in positronium decay, and the second will further research on fundamental symmetries and interactions in weak and electromagnetic decays. The first grant runs through July 2022, and the second through August 2023.
鈥淭he Department of Physics has been quite successful in providing meaningful聽opportunities for students to learn how to do research by working聽closely with faculty,鈥� said George, who specializes in sub-atomic physics and physics education. 鈥淚n these projects, students will be聽involved in developing and using state-of-the-art research equipment to聽investigate one of the most fundamental problems in physics. They'll聽learn to apply concepts from many areas of physics, develop experimental聽and computational skills, take on responsibility for a particular aspect聽of the research, and have the opportunity to go to professional meetings聽to present their work. This is all experiential learning that students聽can't get in the classroom. Being involved in a project that represents聽a real contribution to science is a great experience for anyone and a聽great motivation for many. It gives our students an advantage in the job聽market and in applying to graduate schools.鈥�
Research for the first grant will involve the investigation of the behavior of sub-atomic particles聽to better understand the fundamental forces and particles that make up聽the world. The project will provide research training opportunities for undergraduate students at 甜瓜视频 who will work closely with faculty to develop, assemble, and test state-of-the-art instrumentation, while learning how to do research at the frontiers of science. This new instrumentation will also enable a research project for at least one graduate student at Michigan State University.
鈥淓very type of particle has an antimatter counterpart;聽for example, electrons have antimatter counterparts called positrons,鈥� said Voytas, who specializes in sub-atomic physics. 鈥淧ositrons are produced in certain types of radioactive decay and are聽probably most familiar for being used in medical PET scans. It's not聽fully understood why there's far more matter than antimatter in the聽universe. The instrument that we're developing will enable us to study聽positronium, which is an artificial 鈥榓tom鈥� consisting of an electron and聽a positron, in order to learn more about the differences between matter聽and antimatter. We鈥檙e working with colleagues from Michigan State聽University, where the instrument will ultimately be based.鈥�
The first grant was awarded at the end of last summer so work for it is still in the early stages, especially with COVID-19.
鈥淭his past year a couple of our senior聽physics majors worked with us on this project,鈥� George said. 鈥淥ne student developed an聽apparatus for testing different methods for making positronium. Another聽tested a new type of gamma-ray detector that we plan to use in the聽finished apparatus. Currently we鈥檙e doing computer simulations in order聽to finalize the design of the instrument. After we finish the design of the instrument, students will work with us聽and our Michigan State colleagues to assemble and test it. Students will聽then participate in research with the instrument, helping to plan聽experiments and analyzing data. We hope to make a significant advance in聽understanding the origins of the differences between matter and antimatter.鈥�
The second grant, which began Sept. 1, will fund the research to be conducted with the completed apparatus, as well as research projects on the beta decay of carbon-14 and fluorine-20.
Both projects will enable talented undergraduate students at 甜瓜视频 University to develop instrumentation and computer skills important for many post-college paths in STEM fields while learning to think independently, solve practical problems, and communicate clearly to prepare them for careers or graduate work in physics, engineering, and related fields.
George, who earned the 2019 甜瓜视频 Alumni Association Award for Distinguished Teaching, has designed courses in biomedical physics, nuclear and particle physics, electronics, chaos and fractals, and pattern formation at 甜瓜视频. She has been involved in physics education research, studying how students' use of computers in the physics laboratory affects their learning about momentum and energy. Active in regional and national physics organizations, George, who came to 甜瓜视频 in 1998, has helped organize national conferences on teaching experimental physics, and recently served as the president of the Advanced Laboratory Physics Association.
Voytas, who joined the 甜瓜视频 faculty in 1998, primarily studies the weak interaction 鈥� the fundamental interaction responsible for (among other things) nuclear beta decay, which is often referred to as 鈥榯he fourth fundamental force of nature鈥� (to go along with gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong nuclear force). His experimental work has involved using novel methods to manipulate and study radioactive atoms in order to investigate their properties or beta decays in more detail and with more precision and control. This has involved work at the聽聽as well as work at the聽 and at the .
